The following is the editorial workflow that every manuscript submitted to the journal
undergoes during the course of the peer-review process.
The entire editorial workflow is performed using the online Manuscript Tracking System. Once
a manuscript is submitted for publication, the manuscript is checked by the journal’s
editorial office to ensure that it is suitable to go through the normal peer review process.
Once this is done, the manuscript is sent to an appropriate Editor based on the subject of
the manuscript and the availability of the Editors. The science editor previews the
manuscript, who does not have any potential conflict of interest with any of the
manuscript’s authors.
If the Science Editor finds that the manuscript may not be of sufficient quality to go
through the normal peer review process, or that the subject of the manuscript may not be
appropriate for the journal’s scope, the manuscript shall be rejected with no further
processing. If the Science Editor finds that the submitted manuscript is of sufficient
quality and falls within the scope of the journal, they should assign the manuscript to a
number of external reviewers, provided that no conflict of interests exists between these
reviewers and the manuscript’s authors. The Science Editor urges the peer reviewers to
complete the peer review in a timely and meaningful manner, or finds new reviewer(s); The
reviewers will then submit their reports on the manuscripts along with their recommendation
of one of the following actions to the Editor:
Publish Unaltered
Consider after Minor Changes
Consider after Major Changes
Reject: Manuscript is flawed or not sufficiently novel
When all reviewers have submitted their reports, the Editor can make one of the following
editorial recommendations:
Publish Unaltered
Consider after Minor Changes
Consider after Major Changes
Reject
The science editor reviews the peer reviewer’s comments; upon article resubmission, the
science editor confirms whether the authors have revised the manuscript according to the
peer reviewer’s comments. The science editor conducts electronic screenings to detect
duplicate publications. The science editor checks all the files submitted, then sends the
manuscript and all its related documents to the editorial director for further review. The
editorial director evaluates the academic and language quality of the manuscript and
completes the review report to be delivered to the editor-in-chief. The editor-in-chief
checks whether the manuscript’s editing meets the quality standard and completes the task
list to approve the manuscript’s final acceptance.
If the editor-in-chief recommends “Publish Unaltered,” the manuscript will undergo a final
check by the journal’s editorial office in order to ensure that the manuscript and its
review process adhere to the journal’s guidelines and policies. Once this is done, the
authors will be notified of the manuscript’s acceptance.
If the editor-in-chief recommends “Consider after Minor Changes,” the authors are notified
to prepare and submit a final copy of their manuscript with the required minor changes
suggested by the reviewers. The editor-in-chief reviews the revised manuscript after the
minor changes have been made by the authors. Once the editor-in-chief is satisfied with the
final manuscript, the manuscript can be accepted.
If the editor-in-chief recommends “Consider after Major Changes,” the authors are expected
to revise their manuscript in accordance with that recommendation and to submit their
revised manuscript in a timely manner. Once the revised manuscript is submitted, the
original reviewers are asked to review it. Along with their review reports on the revised
manuscript, the reviewers make a recommendation which can be “Publish Unaltered,” “Consider
after Minor Changes,” “Consider after Major Changes,” or “Reject.” Then, the Editor can make
an editorial recommendation which can be “Publish Unaltered,” “Consider after Minor
Changes,” or “Reject.”
If the editor-in-chief recommends rejecting the manuscript, the rejection is immediate.
Also, if the majority of the reviewers recommend rejecting the manuscript, the rejection is
immediate.
● Peer Review Policy
● Information for Reviewers
● Applications to Review for TMR Publishing Group
● How to Peer Review for TMR Publishing Group
● Reporting Guidelines
● Confidentiality
Peer Review Policy
TMR Publishing Group follows a single-blind peer review process to ensure impartial
editorial decision-making; that is, the reviewers know who the authors of the manuscript
are, and the authors do not have access to the information of who the peer reviewers are. All
submissions to TMR Publishing Group are assessed by an editor, who will
decide whether they are suitable for peer review. The editorial office will collect at least
two review reports per manuscript. If an editor is on the author list or has
any other competing interest regarding a specific manuscript, another member of the
Editorial Board will be assigned to assume responsibility for overseeing peer review.
Submissions felt to be suitable for consideration will be sent for peer review by
appropriate independent experts. Editors will make a decision based on the reviewers’
reports and authors are sent these reports along with the editorial decision on their
manuscript. Authors should note that even in light of one positive report, concerns raised
by another reviewer may fundamentally undermine the study and result in the manuscript being
rejected.
Information for Reviewers
Authors may suggest potential reviewers if they wish (Email address:
publisher@tmrjournals.com). However, whether or not to consider these reviewers is at the
editor's discretion. Authors should not suggest recent collaborators or colleagues who work
in the same institution as themselves. Authors who wish to suggest peer reviewers can do so
in the cover letter and should provide institutional email addresses where possible, or
information which will help the editor to verify the identity of the reviewer. Authors may
request exclusion of individuals as peer reviewers, but they should explain the reasons in
their cover letter on submission. Authors should not exclude too many individuals as this
may hinder the peer review process. Please note that the editor may choose to invite
excluded peer reviewers. Intentionally falsifying information, for example, suggesting
reviewers with a false name or email address, will result in rejection of the manuscript and
may lead to further investigation in line with our misconduct policy.
Applications to Review for TMR Publishing Group
We appreciate applications to join our community of peer reviewers. Our Academic Editors
select reviewers on a manuscript-by-manuscript basis. In each case, the most relevant
scientists will be invited. To provide up-to-date contact details, interested reviewers
should register a reviewer account.
How to Peer Review for TMR Publishing Group
The reviewer report should comprehensively critique the submission, consisting of more than
a few brief sentences.
A suggested format is:
Summary
Major issues
Minor issues
We encourage reviewers to help authors improve their manuscript. The report should give
constructive analysis to authors, particularly where revisions are recommended. Where
reviewers do not wish authors to see certain comments, these can be added to the
confidential comments to the Academic Editor.
While expectations vary by discipline, some core aspects that should be critiqued by
reviewers may include:
Are the research questions valid?
Is the sample size sufficient?
Is there necessary ethical approval and/or consent and was the research ethical?
Are the study design and methods appropriate to answer the research question?
Do the experiments have appropriate controls?
Is the reporting of the methods, including any equipment and materials, sufficiently
detailed that the research might be reproduced?
Are statistical tests appropriate and correctly reported?
Are the figures and tables clear and do they accurately represent the results?
Has previous research by the authors and others been discussed and have those results been
compared to the current results?
Are there any inappropriate citations, for example, not supporting the claim being made or
too many citations to the authors' own articles?
Do the results support the conclusions?
Are limitations of the research acknowledged?
Is the abstract an accurate summary of the research and results, without spin?
Is the language clear and understandable?
To help authors receive timely reviews, reviewer reports should be submitted via the
Manuscript Tracking System or Email on or before the agreed deadline. Reviewers should
contact TMR if they are unable to meet the deadline so an alternative date can be
arranged.
We encourage reviewers to focus their reports on objectively critiquing the scientific
aspects of the submission, including soundness of the methodology and whether the
conclusions can be supported by the results. Comments may also be given on novelty and the
potential impact of the work. Reviewers provide a recommendation to accept, revise, or
reject; however, the decision will be made by the Academic Editor.
Reporting Guidelines
TMR Publishing Group does not mandate the use of reporting guidelines by authors, however,
we encourage reviewers to use relevant reporting guidelines to help assess the submission.
The EQUATOR Network and FAIRsharing list clinical and general science guidelines,
respectively. We particularly encourage the use of:
CONSORT for randomized controlled trials
TREND for non-randomized trials
PRISMA for systematic review and meta-analyses
CARE for case reports
STROBE for observational studies
STREGA for genetic association studies
SRQR for qualitative studies
STARD for diagnostic accuracy studies
ARRIVE for animal experiments
Confidentiality
Reviewers are therefore required to respect the confidentiality of the peer review process
and not reveal any details of a manuscript or its review, during or after the peer-review
process, beyond the information released by the journal. If reviewers wish to involve a
colleague in the review process they should first obtain permission from the journal. The
editor should be informed of the names of any individuals who assisted in the review process
when the report is returned.
● Following the COPE code of conduct for publishers
● Following the COPE code of conduct for journal editors
● Following the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) criteria for
journal indexing
● Following the academic rules and norms
● Sanctions
● Investigations
● Conflicts of Interest
● Authors
● Criteria for Authorship
● Editors and Reviewers
● Plagiarism
● Fabrication
● Authorship and Acknowledgements
● Duplicate submission/multiple submissions
● Salami publication
● Citation manipulation
● Ethics
● Conflicts of Interest
● Manuscript Language Editing
● Authorship
● Changes to Authorship
Ethical standards for publication exist to ensure high-quality scientific publications,
public trust in scientific findings, and that people receive credit for their work and
ideas. TMR Publishing Group follows the standards of Publication Ethics. We only accept
manuscripts that adhere to the ethical guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics
(COPE) and which pass strict double-blind peer review.
Following the COPE code of conduct for publishers
The manuscript publishing process of the TMR Publishing Group is founded upon a clear
definition of the relationship between authors, peer reviewers and our staff. That
foundation is strengthened by consistent respect for the privacy of the authors and peer
reviewers, protection of intellectual property and copyright, and fostering of editorial
independence. All manuscripts are subject to peer review and are expected to meet standards
of academic excellence. If approved by the editor, submissions will be considered by peer
reviewers, whose identities will remain anonymous to the authors.
Following the COPE code of conduct for journal editors
The manuscript editing process of the TMR Publishing Group begins with ensuring that editors
understand their general duties and responsibilities, so that they may efficiently and
effectively recognize manuscripts that fit the views and scope of the journal that they
represent. The manuscript editing process has systematic steps in place to assure the
quality of the material selected for publication. Each step is rooted in the core values of
championing freedom of maintaining integrity of the academic record, ensuring the business
needs do not compromise intellectual and ethical standards, and publishing corrections,
clarifications, retractions and apologies when needed. Editors and reviewers must not ask
authors to include references merely to increase citations to their own or an associate’s
work, to the journal, or to another journal they are associated with.
Following the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) criteria for journal
indexing
TMR Publishing Group meet the basic requirements for indexing by the DOAJ. These basic
requirements include aims, scope, editorial board members, instructions for authors,
description of article quality control, open access statement, policy of dealing with
plagiarism, and permission statement.
Following the academic rules and norms
Authors must provide human and animal rights statement, institutional review board
statement, informed consent statement, clinical trial registration statement, institutional
animal care and use committee statement, animal care and use statement, biostatistics
statement, conflict-of-interest statement, and data sharing statement. Investigations with
human subjects must state in the Methods section that the research followed guidelines of
the Declaration of Helsinki and Tokyo for humans.
Sanctions
If TMR Publishing Group becomes aware of breaches of our publication ethics policies,
whether or not the breach occurred in a journal published by TMR Publishing Group, the
following sanctions may be applied across the TMR journals:
Rejection of the manuscript and any other manuscripts submitted by the author (s).
Not allowing submission for 1-3 years.
Prohibition from acting as an editor or reviewer.
TMR may apply additional sanctions for severe ethical violations.
Investigations
Suspected breaches of our publication ethics policies, either before and after publication,
as well as concerns about research ethics, should be reported to our Research Integrity
team, overseen by the Head of Research Integrity.
Claimants will be kept anonymous if requested, though claimants may also wish to use an
anonymous email service such as ProtonMail or TorGuard.
TMR Publishing Group may ask the authors to provide the underlying data and images, consult
editors, and contact institutions or employers to ask for an investigation or to raise
concerns.
Corrections and Retractions
When errors are identified in published articles, the publisher will consider what action is
required and may consult the editors and the authors’ institution (s). Errors by the authors
may be corrected by a corrigendum and errors by the publisher by an erratum. If there are
errors that significantly affect the conclusions or there is evidence of misconduct, this
may require retraction following the COPE Retraction Guidelines. All authors will be asked
to agree to the content of the notice.
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest (COIs, also known as ‘competing interests’) occur when issues outside
research could be reasonably perceived to affect the neutrality or objectivity of the work
or its assessment. Potential conflicts of interest must be declared—whether or not they
actually had an influence—to allow informed decisions. In most cases, this declaration will
not stop work from being published nor will it always prevent someone from being involved in
a review process.
If unsure, declare a potential interest or discuss with the editorial office. Undeclared
interests may incur sanctions. Submissions with undeclared conflicts that are later revealed
may be rejected. Published articles may need to be re-assessed, have a corrigendum
published, or in serious cases be retracted. For more information on COIs, see the guidance
from the ICMJE and WAME. Conflicts include the following:
Financial—funding and other payments, goods and services received or expected by the authors
relating to the subject of the work or from an organization with an interest in the outcome
of the work
Affiliations—being employed by, on the advisory board for, or a member of an organization
with an interest in the outcome of the work
Intellectual property—patents or trademarks owned by someone or their organization
Personal—friends, family, relationships, and other close personal connections
Ideology—beliefs or activism, for example, political or religious, relevant to the work
Academic—competitors or someone whose work is critiqued
Authors
Authors must declare all potential interests in a ‘Conflicts of interest’ section, which
should explain why the interest may be a conflict. If there are none, the authors should
state “The author(s) declare(s) that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the
publication of this paper.” Submitting authors are responsible for coauthors declaring their
interests.
Authors must declare current or recent funding (including article processing charges) and
other payments, goods or services that might influence the work. All funding, whether a
conflict or not, must be declared in the ‘Acknowledgments’.
The involvement of anyone other than the authors who 1) has an interest in the outcome of
the work; 2) is affiliated to an organization with such an interest; or 3) was employed or
paid by a funder, in the commissioning, conception, planning, design, conduct, or analysis
of the work, the preparation or editing of the manuscript, or the decision to publish must
be declared.
Declared conflicts of interest will be considered by the editor and reviewers and included
in the published article.
Criteria for Authorship
Authorship credit should be given in accordance with the standard proposed by the ICMJE
(http://www.icmje.org/), specifically, authorship is merited by (1) substantial
contributions to conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, or analysis and
interpretation of data; (2) drafting the article or making critical revisions related to
important intellectual content of the manuscript; and (3) final approval of the version of
the article to be published. Authors should meet conditions 1, 2 and 3.
Editors and Reviewers
Editors and reviewers should decline to be involved with a submission when they
Have a recent publication or current submission with any author
Share or recently shared an affiliation with any author
Collaborate or recently collaborated with any author
Have a close personal connection to any author
Have a financial interest in the subject of the work
Feel unable to be objective
Reviewers must declare any remaining interests in the ‘Confidential’ section of the review
form, which will be considered by the editor.
Editors and reviewers must declare if they have previously discussed the manuscript with the
authors.
Management of Academic Misconduct
TMR Publishing Group strictly control academic misconduct from the time of manuscript
submission. Academic misconduct includes plagiarism, Fabrication, Authorship and
Acknowledgements, duplicate submission/multiple submissions, Salami publication, and
Citation manipulation. We take the following measures to control academic misconduct:
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person's thoughts, ideas, data, figures, research
methods, or words without giving appropriate credit, or the over-citation of another
person's published work. Manuscripts that are found to have been plagiarized from a
manuscript by other authors, whether published or unpublished, will be rejected and the
authors may incur sanctions. Any published articles may need to be corrected or
retracted.
Fabrication
Fabrication is the practice of making up data or results without having performed the
relevant research. The authors of submitted manuscripts or published articles that are found
to have fabricated or falsified the results, including the manipulation of images, may incur
sanctions, and published articles may be retracted.
Authorship and Acknowledgements
All listed authors must have made a significant scientific contribution to the research in
the manuscript, approved its claims, and agreed to be an author. It is important to list
everyone who made a significant scientific contribution. We refer to the ICMJE guidelines.
Author contributions may be described at the end of the submission, optionally using roles
defined by CRediT. Changes in authorship must be declared to the journal and agreed to by
all authors.
Anyone who contributed to the research or manuscript preparation, but is not an author,
should be acknowledged with their permission.
Submissions by anyone other than one of the authors will not be considered.
Duplicate submission/multiple submissions
Duplicate submission/multiple submissions refers to the practice of submitting the same
manuscript or several manuscripts with minor differences (e.g., differences only in title,
keywords, abstract, author order, author affiliations, or a small amount of text) to two or
more journals at the same time, or submitting to another journal within an agreed or
stipulated period.
TMR Publishing Group consider only original content, i.e. articles that have not been
previously published, including in a language other than English. Articles based on content
previously made public only on a preprint server, institutional repository, or in a thesis
will be considered.
Manuscripts submitted to TMR Publishing Group must not be submitted elsewhere while under
consideration and must be withdrawn before being submitted elsewhere. Authors whose articles
are found to have been simultaneously submitted elsewhere may incur sanctions.
If authors have used their own previously published work, or work that is currently under
review, as the basis for a submitted manuscript, they must cite the previous articles and
indicate how their submitted manuscript differs from their previous work. Reuse of the
authors’ own words outside the Methods should be attributed or quoted in the text. Reuse of
the authors’ own figures or substantial amounts of wording may require permission from the
copyright holder and the authors are responsible for obtaining this.
Salami publication
Salami publication refers to the practice of slicing data from a large study, which could
have been reported in a single paper, into different pieces and publishing them in two or
more articles, all of which cover the same population, methods, and question. Redundant
publication, the inappropriate division of study outcomes into more than one article (also
known as salami slicing), may result in rejection or a request to merge submitted
manuscripts, and the correction of published articles. Duplicate publication of the same, or
a very similar, article may result in the retraction of the later article and the authors
may incur sanctions.
Citation manipulation
In order to prevent citation manipulation, our science editor and editorial director check
whether the manuscript’s citations meet the rules and norms; Upon discovery of citation
manipulation, the manuscript will be withdrawn.
Ethics
Ethics of Experimentation
Research published in TMR Publishing Group must have been conducted to the highest ethical
standards. The research must meet all applicable standards for the ethics of experimentation
and research integrity.
Research Involving Humans
Research involving humans, including studies that are observational, survey-based, or
include any personal data, must have been performed in accordance with the declaration of
Helsinki and must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee. If a study has been
granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the
manuscript. Manuscripts may be rejected if the editor considers that the research has not
been carried out within an appropriate ethical framework.
Research Involving Animals
Research involving animals (live or tissue), including observational studies, must state in
the methods section that the research was conducted in accordance with the internationally
accepted principles for laboratory animal use and care as found in for example the European
Community guidelines (EEC Directive of 1986; 86/609/EEC) or the US guidelines (NIH
publication #85-23, revised in 1985), and was approved by the institutional human
experimentation committee or equivalent, and that informed consent was obtained. The editors
will reject papers if there is any doubt about the suitability of the animal procedures
used.
Use of Patient Images or Case Details
Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent,
which should be documented in the paper.
Ethics in Publishing
Originality and Plagiarism
The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors
have used the work and/or words of others, that this has been appropriately cited or
quoted.
Data Access and Retention
Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial
review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data.
Concurrent Publication
An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research
in more than one journal or primary publication.
Conflicts of Interest
At the end of the text, under a subheading 'Conflict of interest statement' all authors must
disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organisations that
could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of
interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert
testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding.
Manuscript Language Editing
For non-native English-speaking authors, we strongly recommend that authors seek out and use
the services of a professional editing service provider, either a professional English
language editing company or a qualified colleague. Based on their good reputation and
reliable quality, the following biomedical editing companies were recommended: American
Journal Experts: http://www.aje.com Nature Publishing Group Language Editing:
http://languageediting.nature.com.
Authorship
Only individuals who contributed significantly to one or more of the following can be listed
as authors：
1）Study conception and design, data acquisition, or data analysis and
interpretation
2）Drafting of manuscript or critical revision of important content
3）Participation in the approved submitted version
Changes to Authorship
Authors should submit a final list of authors when submitting the manuscript. Approval must
be sought from the editorial board if there is a need to add/remove authors or rearrange the
sequence of authors, and this must be carried out before manuscript acceptance. The authors
must email the editorial board, stating the reason for amending the author list or sequence.
The editorial board will confirm with all authors (in writing/email/letter) that they agree
to the addition/removal/rearrangement.
Only under special circumstances will the editor consider addition/removal/rearrangement of
authors after manuscript acceptance. When the editor is considering this request, manuscript
processing will be temporarily suspended. If the manuscript is published online, such a
request will not be accepted.
● About TMR Publishing Group
● Instructions to Authors
● Article Submission
● Ethics
● Conflicts of Interest
● Manuscript Language Editing
● Authorship
● Changes to Authorship
About TMR Publishing Group
Open-Access
All articles published by TMR Publishing Group are selected by an in-house editor and fully
peer-reviewed by external reviewers. All articles published open access will be immediately
free for everyone to read, download, copy, and distribute. The author does not have any
publication charges for open access.
Copyright
Authors retain the copyright of their manuscripts. That the author(s)
acknowledge that all articles published by TMR PUBLISHING GROUP LIMITED are selected by an
in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. TMR PUBLISHING GROUP LIMITED
applies the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which
permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and
license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly
cited and the use is non-commercial.
Article Publication Charges
In 2021, all accepted papers will be published free-of-charge.
Privacy Policy
TMR Publishing Group is committed to the protection of your personal information. The
privacy policy outlined here applies only to information collected by TMR Publishing
Group through the https://www.tmrjournals.com.
Disclaimer Statement
All rights reserved the publisher and editors cannot be held responsible for errors and any
consequences arising from the use of information contained in this journal. Views and
opinions expressed in this journal belong to authors and do not necessarily reflect those of
the editorial board.
Submit a Manuscript
For details, please visit: submission.tmrjournals.com
Instructions to Authors
Manuscripts should be submitted by one of the authors of the manuscript through the online
Manuscript Tracking System (MTS). All contributions should be written in English. All
articles must be prepared by Word-processing Software, using Times New Roman Font and 1.5
line spacing with ample margins. There is no page limit. Submissions by anyone other than
one of the authors will not be accepted. The submitting author takes responsibility for the
paper during submission and peer review. If some technical reason submission through the MTS
is not possible, the author can contact publisher@tmrjournals.com
Terms of Submission
Papers must be submitted on the understanding that they have not been published elsewhere
and are not currently under consideration by another journal published. The submitting
author is responsible for ensuring that the article’s publication has been approved by all
the other coauthors. It is also the authors’responsibility to ensure that the articles
emanating from a particular institution are submitted with the approval of the necessary
institution. Only an acknowledgment from the editorial office officially establishes the
date of receipt. Further correspondence and proofs will be sent to the authors before
publication unless otherwise indicated. It is a condition of submission of a paper that the
authors permit editing of the paper for readability. Full instructions and support are
available on the website where user ID and password could be obtained on the first visit.
For assistance, click the link ‘Contact Us’.
Video
TMR Publishing Group accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance
your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit
with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the
article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or
animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed. All submitted files
should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In
order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the
file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per
file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the
electronic version of your article in TMR Publishing Group website.
Article Submission
On submission, you will be asked to provide a cover letter. Please use this to explain why
your manuscript should be published in the journal and to elaborateon any issues related to
our editorial policies detailed in the instructions for authors. Manuscripts for research
articles should be divided into the following sections: Title page, Abstract, Author
Contributions, Acknowledgements, List of abbreviations used (if any), Conflicts of Interest,
Background, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, References, Figure legends (if any),
Tables and captions (if any).
Ethics
Ethics of Experimentation
Research published in TMR Publishing Group must have been conducted to the highest ethical
standards. The research must meet all applicable standards for the ethics of experimentation
and research integrity.
Research Involving Humans
Research involving humans, including studies that are observational, survey-based, or
include any personal data, must have been performed in accordance with the declaration of
Helsinki and must have been approved by an appropriate ethics committee. If a study has been
granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the
manuscript. Manuscripts may be rejected if the editor considers that the research has not
been carried out within an appropriate ethical framework.
Research Involving Animals
Research involving animals (live or tissue), including observational studies, must state in
the methods section that the research was conducted in accordance with the internationally
accepted principles for laboratory animal use and care as found in for example the European
Community guidelines (EEC Directive of 1986; 86/609/EEC) or the US guidelines (NIH
publication #85-23, revised in 1985), and was approved by the institutional human
experimentation committee or equivalent, and that informed consent was obtained. The editors
will reject papers if there is any doubt about the suitability of the animal procedures
used.
Use of Patient Images or Case Details
Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent,
which should be documented in the paper.
Ethics in Publishing
Originality and Plagiarism
The authors should ensure that they have written entirely original works, and if the authors
have used the work and/or words of others, that this has been appropriately cited or
quoted.
Data Access and Retention
Authors may be asked to provide the raw data in connection with a paper for editorial
review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data.
Concurrent Publication
An author should not in general publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research
in more than one journal or primary publication.
Conflicts of Interest
At the end of the text, under a subheading 'Conflict of interest statement' all authors must
disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organisations that
could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of
interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert
testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding.
Manuscript Language Editing
For non-native English-speaking authors, we strongly recommend that authors seek out and use
the services of a professional editing service provider, either a professional English
language editing company or a qualified colleague. Based on their good reputation and
reliable quality, the following biomedical editing companies were recommended: American
Journal Experts: http://www.aje.com Nature Publishing Group Language Editing:
http://languageediting.nature.com.
Authorship
Only individuals who contributed significantly to one or more of the following can be listed
as authors：
1）Study conception and design, data acquisition, or data analysis and interpretation
2）Drafting of manuscript or critical revision of important content
3）Participation in the approved submitted version
Changes to Authorship
Authors should submit a final list of authors when submitting the manuscript. Approval must
be sought from the editorial board if there is a need to add/remove authors or rearrange the
sequence of authors, and this must be carried out before manuscript acceptance. The authors
must email the editorial board, stating the reason for amending the author list or sequence.
The editorial board will confirm with all authors (in writing/email/letter) that they agree
to the addition/removal/rearrangement.
Only under special circumstances will the editor consider addition/removal/rearrangement of
authors after manuscript acceptance. When the editor is considering this request, manuscript
processing will be temporarily suspended. If the manuscript is published online, such a
request will not be accepted.
TMR Publishing Group reject any advertising.